We continue to advise reconsider your need to travel to Cuba due to serious fuel shortages impacting essential services. Fuel shortages and frequent power outages are affecting transport and other services. Nation-wide power blackouts are occurring. Some airlines have reduced or cancelled flights. The situation could deteriorate quickly without warning and options to leave the country may reduce further. There's also a shortage of essential supplies, including food, medicines and drinking water. Demonstrations and protests against the government can occur. Some can turn violent, causing injuries and deaths. They may occur anywhere across the country. Avoid protests and demonstrations (see 'Safety'). We advise: Reconsider your need to travel to Cuba due to serious fuel shortages impacting essential services.

We continue to advise exercise a high degree of caution in Peru. A state of emergency is in effect for Lima and Callao. There will be an increased security presence, with armed forces on the streets in both areas. Political protests, demonstrations and strikes are common in Peru, particularly in the historic centre of Lima. Past demonstrations have turned violent and disrupted public transport services, including transport to and from Machu Picchu. Avoid large gatherings and protests. Check media for updates and follow the instructions of local authorities (see 'Safety'). We advise: Exercise a high degree of caution in Peru overall due to the threat of violent crime. Higher levels apply in some areas.

Argentina has raised its national security level following events in the Middle East. There may be increased security in public places, including places of worship and Jewish institutions. There's also increased controls at borders and entry points. Hantavirus continues to be a risk in Argentina, including in and around Buenos Aires and northern Patagonia. It's generally spread through contact with infected rodents. Avoid contact with live or dead rodents, nests, burrows and droppings (see 'Safety'). If you plan to take part in surrogacy arrangements in Argentina, be aware of all legal and other risks involved. Argentine authorities may consider surrogacy arrangements to be illegal. You may be refused entry to Argentina if taking part in a surrogacy arrangement. Get comprehensive and independent legal advice from an Argentine lawyer with specialisation in this area of law (see 'Local laws'). We advise: Exercise normal safety precautions in Argentina. Higher levels apply in some areas.

We continue to advise exercise a high degree of caution due to the threat of violent crime and the risk of civil unrest. Your passport needs to have a six-month validity to enter Bolivia. You don't need a visa to visit Bolivia for tourism (see 'Travel'). We advise: Exercise a high degree of caution in Bolivia due to the threat of violent crime and the risk of civil unrest.

We continue to advise reconsider your need to travel for Mauritania overall. Higher levels apply in some areas. You must apply for an electronic visa online and receive authorisation from Mauritanian authorities before travelling. You can no longer obtain a visa on arrival (see 'Travel'). We advise: Reconsider your need to travel to Mauritania overall due to the threat of terrorism and kidnapping and the risk of violent crime. Higher levels apply in some areas.

Do not travel to Iran. The security situation in Iran is extremely volatile. The situation in the Middle East region remains unpredictable. The risk of attacks and escalation continues. Consider options to depart Iran if you can secure one and it's safe to travel to the departure point. You should consider recent attacks in your area and verify the status of any border crossing before you travel by air, land or sea. Confirm local advice before heading to a land border (see 'Travel' for more information). If you remain in Iran, prioritise your safety. Monitor developments closely and follow local advice, including shelter in place instructions during strikes. Stay aware of your environment and avoid civilian, government, military or energy infrastructure, including oil production facilities. Avoid any locations associated with Israeli, Jewish and US interests. Follow local warning systems and, if warned of an imminent attack, move to an enclosed hardened shelter, ideally underground or close to ground level if available. If these are not available, seek an inner room without windows. Australian citizens, permanent residents and their immediate family members in Iran can register on DFAT's registration portal to receive direct updates from DFAT. See 'Safety' for details on how to register. Keep your registration details up to date so we can contact you with important information. Terrorism is a threat, including in Iran. Terrorist attacks could happen at any time or anywhere. Maintain a high level of security awareness. Australians, including dual nationals, are at a high risk of being detained (see 'Safety'). Do not enter into surrogacy arrangements in Iran. If you travel for surrogacy and the situation deteriorates, you may be unable to leave (see 'Local laws'). The US Virtual Embassy in Iran is issuing local security alerts. We encourage you to monitor US security alerts in your location and follow this advice. The Australian Embassy’s operations are suspended. Our ability to provide consular assistance in Iran is extremely limited. If you need emergency consular assistance, contact the Australian Government's Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 (if you're overseas) or 1300 555 135 (in Australia). We continue to advise: Do not travel to Iran due to the volatile security situation, armed conflict, civil unrest and the risk of arbitrary detention.

We continue to advise exercise normal safety precautions overall. You must have an appropriate visa before travelling to Vietnam. Check your visa details carefully and make sure there are no errors before you travel. If you enter Vietnam via Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), you're encouraged to complete a Digital Pre-Arrival Form online within 72 hours of arrival. The pre-arrival registration system is expected to be expanded to other international airports and land border crossings across Vietnam in the future. However, the timeline for this rollout hasn't yet been confirmed (see 'Travel'). The Vietnamese Government won't permit official Long Tan commemorations at the Long Tan Cross site. Media coverage isn't permitted. Access to the site will remain open for small groups for private visits. This may change at short notice. Visitors to the site aren't permitted to wear medals or uniforms, carry banners or flags. Behave respectfully and respect the wishes of local communities. You must have a valid Vietnamese driver's licence to drive or ride in Vietnam. This includes for motorcycles of 50cc or more. We advise:Exercise normal safety precautions in Vietnam.